2012年小學(xué)英語教師備考知識：冠詞
二、 冠詞
(一) 知識概要
冠詞在英語中只有3個詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an,定冠詞the. a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。
(二) 正誤辨析
[誤]This building is an university.
[正]This building is a university.
[析]a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個音素是[j],所以 用a而不要用an.又如：There is a "n" in the word.是錯句，應(yīng)為：There is an "n"in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour.例如：
I need an hour to finish the work.
It is a useful dictionary.
It is a European country.
I bought a used car.
[誤]I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.
[正]I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
[析]因umbrella的第一個音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…
[誤]"Can you help me" "Sorry, I'm in hurry."
[正]"Can you help me" "Sorry. I'm in a hurry."
[析]不定冠詞的主要用法如下：
1. 用來表示一類人或事物，如：She is a teacher.
2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.
3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 相當(dāng)于"one"的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.
5. 其主要的難點是用在固定詞組中：
如：have a walk/a rest /a look
又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙
make a face 作鬼臉
do somebody a favour 幫某人忙
a number of =many
又如：have a good time (玩得好)
have a cold (感冒)
have a headache (頭痛)
have a break=have a rest
[誤]I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.
[正]I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.
[析]在文章中第一次提到某物時用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時用定冠詞。
[誤]Please turn off lights before you leave.
[正]Please turn off the lights before you leave.
[析]雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。
[誤]There are nine planets around a sun.
[正]There are nine planets around the sun.
[析]世上獨一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.
[誤]I live on a second floor of this building.
[正]I live on the second floor of this building.
[析]在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.
[誤]I want to learn the second language this term.
[正]I want to learn a second language this term.
[析]在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個，再來一個時，應(yīng)用a,本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。
[誤]Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.
[正]The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.
[析]在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。
[誤]Look, there are Alp.
[誤]Look, there are the Alp.
[正]Look, there are the Alps.
[析]具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s,來表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如：The Alps are in the center of Europe.
[誤]Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.
[正]The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.
[析]報刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。
[誤]Rich are not always happy.
[正]The rich are not always happy.
[析]在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.
[誤]I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.
[正]I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.
[析]物質(zhì)名詞特指時也應(yīng)加定冠詞。
[誤]The sun rises in east.
[正]The sun rises in the east.
[析]在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future
[誤]Do you know who invented telephone
[正]Do you know who invented the telephone
[析]在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，
如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽
the Panama Canal 巴拿馬運河
the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運河
[誤]Would you please buy some food for the supper
[正]Would you please buy some food for supper
[析]泛指一日三餐前無定冠詞。
[誤]I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.
[正]I like to climb the mountain in autumn.
[析]一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.
[誤]Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.
[正]Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.
[析]有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。